Insights from Historical Artwork A
unique battle scene from the Holkham picture Bible, early 1300's. Not one fighter appears
to have the same exact style of weapon. At least 14 distinct types of weapons are visible
(!) including: two forms of sword, buckler, two different falchions, spear, dagger,
warhammer, long axe, short axe, one other axe, bow and a strange curved hooked blade
(bottom left). Note the slender thrusting style of sword associated more with the later
age of plate and the use of axe & buckler below (which he uses to press against his
striking opponents hands!). Seven different types of helm or head gear are also
visible. The top panel depicts knights and the bottom common foot soldiers. Note the
variety of armor. The knights wear full mail, one has a coat of plates of some sort. The
foot men wear no armor (but one fallen figure has mail), while others may have aketons or
gamebsons underneath. On has mail chausses with some additional protection (perhaps
leather). Note the visible arming caps. Some of the knights fight bare handed while others
wear mail mittens and at least two have rudimentary gauntlets. Interestingly, the footmen
below also wear leather gloves. There are at least ten fallen fighters crammed into the
illustration and four others clearly being killed. On the bottom, a fighter at the
far left wields an unusual two-handed convex falchion-like blade with a barbed point (it
might possibly even be a pole-arm with the shaft cut off or not visible). His helm is also
unusual. Next to him, a fighter in a short Corinthian-like helm fights with sword &
buckler. He strikes overhead from the buckler side. His opponent employs a low thrust and
a high buckler parry. On the right side, a fighter with a short ax held in two hands is
stifled by the buckler of an axe wielding opponent.

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