ReMA vs. MMA

European historical unarmed fighting techniques & methods

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Jay Vail
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Postby Jay Vail » Fri Nov 09, 2007 5:21 am

Stacy Clifford wrote:Keep in mind that in the Renaissance much of their fighting was done in relatively thick long sleeved clothing, so a bite to anything other than the face or hands is basically going to be more of a really hard pinch than a flesh rending wound in a lot of cases. Also, a lot of the wrestling moves in the manuals rely on swiftness and surprise to work. The masters aren't saying it's going to be easy to struggle your way into that starting position every time, but if you do manage to seize that arm in the right way or get him into the right position, then your training gives you the means to recognize your advantage and execute something useful quickly and violently and take the initiative. Any human being who's spent more than 30 seconds of his life wrestling knows you get into those grips where neither side can get exactly what he's going for, but good awareness of body mechanics (yours and his) gives you a much better chance to work your way out of that.


Right. Wrestling is not so much about strength, tho you need that, judiciously applied, as much as it is about skill. You practice the individual techniques more so that you can recognize when opportunities arise to use them during the flow of a bout rather than to start out with the intention of doing one thing.

Flexibility and suppleness are significant attributes you should be striving for. Among other things, you should prepare yourself to be able to shift from one technique to another when the first fails, which often it will.

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Eric Dohner
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Postby Eric Dohner » Fri Nov 09, 2007 10:50 am

There is an extremely respected US unarmed combat teacher, Jack Perkins, who would agree with you. His site (the not very well named www.attackproof.com - good site though, and said to be excellent tuition) has a video of his countering a BJJ style grapple. I think the first 2 seconds consist of him squeezing his opponent's family jewels, and the next 2 are an eye gouge. And that's it. (His senior protege, btw, is a USMC Lt Col who is trained to teach USMC combatives - which are heavily based on BJJ, I believe.)


I'd like to point out that there's an example of a Judo player having one eye gouged to the point of blinding him in that eye permanently in the course of a fight in an early UFC, and still winning the fight soundly (the referee didn't stop it for some reason, IIRC). I can't recall the names of the fighters, but this is one of the foremost examples of "MMA vs. eye-gouging" around.
"Beat the plowshares back into swords. The other was a maiden aunt's dream." - Robert Heinlein, The Puppet Masters

Stewart Sackett
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Postby Stewart Sackett » Sat Nov 10, 2007 4:51 pm

There are a few points I would like to address.

Jonathan Coupe wrote:But the real point is that the risk of gouging and other desperation moves makes closing unwise in a life and death situation.


If your contention is that historical fighting should avoid wrestling all together then I’m sorry to have to tell you but history rather decisively disagrees. There is a reason they called it Ringen.

What else would stop me grappling if I was a C15th mercenary? The risk of someone having a small sharp object hidden on them - a large needle would be enough - that they could use while I was being all technical.


I have to say, in a time when almost everyone carried a large knife, concealed needles wouldn’t be my first concern. I’d probably be more worried about getting stabbed by the knife. Of course standing at range with someone trying to stab you is hardly a good idea; which is why the fightbooks show arm grabs, arm breaks, 2-on-1 grips to set up throws & an awful lot of fighting for arm control. All that is designed to keep you safe against a stabbing weapon be it obvious or concealed, drawn or sheathed.

In what sense are you in a "superior position" for eye gouging? I'd say that if anything the top is an inferior position for gouging - his hand use is complicated by the need to support his bodyweight. If you're on top of me and gouging my eyes, I'll bring my elbows between your arms and smash them open (because they're bearing weight this will be much easier) and do a counter-gouge. Plus, if you actually ARE trying to grapple with someone, then your hands are already busy - grappling.


Now, here you have presented a specific scenario. You & I are grappling & I have taken you down & pinned you to the ground. You believe that from this position you are in a superior position from which to gouge my eyes. Along with this is your overarching belief that eye gouging is effective on the ground, so much so that it makes fighting on the ground an untenable position. You describe how you will defend against eye gouging from the top, why eye gouging from the top is ineffective & how you would gouge my eyes from the bottom. From what you have written I cannot help but feel that you’ve had limited exposure to grappling so (as someone who spends a good deal of time rolling around on the floor) I’d like to explore this hypothetical scenario for you.

The most likely position for me to land in if I have successfully taken an opponent to the ground is the position known as cross-sides. I’ll describe this position generally & then discuss how it relates to eye gouging: With my opponent lying on his back I lay down with my chest over his, with one shoulder by his head & the other down by his hips. The arm by the head is placed under the neck with the hand free on the far side of my opponent’s body. The hand by the hips is used to catch my opponent’s knee to prevent him from pulling guard. I support myself entirely on one shoulder, which I press against my opponent’s jaw so that his head is pinned to the ground & he is forced to look away from me. Both my arms are engaged but either can readily be moved as necessary to adjust position or to apply a choke or arm lock. I’m in a superior position in that my body weight is working in my favor, I’m mobile while my opponent is restricted & compared to my opponent. I’m better able to use the entirety of my body to generate power. From the top in cross-sides I have submissions & my opponent does not, furthermore; if I chose to strike blows & can hit with considerably more force than my opponent can muster from the bottom.

How would cross-sides work with eye gouging? If I wanted to gouge my opponent’s eyes I wouldn’t feel the need to drastically reposition my arms. With my body weight on my opponent’s jaw & one arm under his neck all I’d need to do in order to gouge his eyes would be to take the hand that’s by his face already (on the far side of his body from my perspective) & dig the fingers into his eyes, then roll my shoulder forward & slide my elbow back towards my hip thus sucking my fingers deeper into his face.

What happens if my opponent tries to gouge my eyes? There are two things, which should be remembered when answering this question. First, I’m holding my opponent & can feel his movement. Therefore it is rarely necessary for me to look at him. Second, any extension of my opponent’s arms from the bottom means his hands are not protecting his neck from chokes & he is making himself vulnerable to arm locks. Given these two facts gouging defense becomes relatively simple. I burry my face against my opponent’s chest/neck so that he doesn’t have quick access to my eyes & any gouging must be proceeded by slowly working his fingers into position on my face. If my opponent does attempt to gouge my eyes despite the difficulty I can use the fact that he is reaching as an opening to allow me to control his arm & break it.

Obviously this is only one position & eye gouging might go differently in others (which I’d be happy to discuss if anyone’s interested) but it remains fundamentally true that controlling the position of your opponent provides superior offensive & defensive options.

This is like saying "an assault rifle is so easy, everyone can use it - I'll concentrate on my rapier skill."


Your analogy is a little flawed. Here’s a better one: “spastically flailing a rapier is so easy, everyone can do it – I’ll concentrate on learning technique from the fightbooks & do lots of sparring.”

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RayMcCullough
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Postby RayMcCullough » Sun Nov 11, 2007 3:52 pm

I consider the most dominant position in a fight to be the one where I am standing and the opponent is on his belly. The second most dominant being the same except the opponent being on his back. From both of these positions, the opponent cannot gouge my eyes and I can stomp on him or retrieve my weapon or run if necessary. People tend to think that a thrower should land on the throwee. Most throws are desighned to end with the thrower still standing. The Martial sports have the same throws but with the thrower and the throwee landing on the ground to fit the rules. "not that there's anything wrong with that" ,in a sporting context, but on the battlefield the sporting throw will most often need to be done the Martial way.

Ray
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Jeffrey Hull
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Postby Jeffrey Hull » Sun Nov 11, 2007 8:02 pm

RayMcCullough wrote:The Martial sports have the same throws but with the thrower and the throwee landing on the ground to fit the rules. "not that there's anything wrong with that" ,in a sporting context, but on the battlefield the sporting throw will most often need to be done the Martial way.


Sure, even though there is ground fighting addressed in fight-books (especially for armoured dueling), it seems when ringen plays tell you to throw the foe they are basically telling you to throw him away. :wink: By throwing him and hurting him with the throw, you are geting rid of him.
JLH

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AlexCSmith
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Postby AlexCSmith » Mon Nov 12, 2007 10:56 am

I will add to this that biting a skilled wrestler who has been in real fights is a good way to get your jaw dislocated.

I would also encourage the person thinking of using a bite as self defense to consider the type of person most likely to be assaulting you. Do you really want some scumbag's blood in your mouth?
"A good plan executed violently today is better than a perfect plan next week." George S. Patton Jr.

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Jaron Bernstein
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Postby Jaron Bernstein » Mon Nov 12, 2007 11:21 pm

AlexCSmith wrote:I will add to this that biting a skilled wrestler who has been in real fights is a good way to get your jaw dislocated.

I would also encourage the person thinking of using a bite as self defense to consider the type of person most likely to be assaulting you. Do you really want some scumbag's blood in your mouth?


Blood borne pathogens aren't so healthy.

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Postby Jay Vail » Tue Nov 13, 2007 5:45 am

Jeffrey Hull wrote:
RayMcCullough wrote:The Martial sports have the same throws but with the thrower and the throwee landing on the ground to fit the rules. "not that there's anything wrong with that" ,in a sporting context, but on the battlefield the sporting throw will most often need to be done the Martial way.


Sure, even though there is ground fighting addressed in fight-books (especially for armoured dueling), it seems when ringen plays tell you to throw the foe they are basically telling you to throw him away. :wink: By throwing him and hurting him with the throw, you are geting rid of him.


For the record: most throws do not result in "throwing the guy away" or hurting him. You have only to look at the MMA experience to see that. So, please, lets get away from this urban myth.

The three most popular ringen throws (to judge by the frequency they appear in the manuals) generally will not result in damage to the enemy (although I do know of one instance where a guy got his skull cracked, which he hit rather forcefully on a concrete floor; but you can't always count on having a concrete floor around when you need one).

They will, however, place him in a disadvantageous position so that the defender can deploy his own dagger, and I think that is what the old masters intended. Modern self defense requires a somewhat different response, since many prosecutors will look with disfavor on such a reply.

Sripol Asanasavest
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Postby Sripol Asanasavest » Tue Nov 13, 2007 10:01 am

I'm not sure if the ReMA would work with the guys in the MMA because the MMA guys are trained with some pretty effective striking techniques, from Muay Thai mostly, also, not just wrestling. But then again maybe you guys can prove them wrong. I don't know! That's just my opinion! Don't take my word for it! :)

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Postby AlexCSmith » Tue Nov 13, 2007 12:01 pm

There are numerous Ringen moves that would make a fine addition to the arsenal of any MMA fighter. There are of course many more that would get him disqualified or arrested.

In either case I don't see the MMA guy's agent agreeing to the use of the Rondel...
"A good plan executed violently today is better than a perfect plan next week." George S. Patton Jr.

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Postby Jonathan Coupe » Tue Nov 13, 2007 12:54 pm

Stewart Sackett wrote:There are a few points I would like to address.

Jonathan Coupe wrote:But the real point is that the risk of gouging and other desperation moves makes closing unwise in a life and death situation.


If your contention is that historical fighting should avoid wrestling all together then I’m sorry to have to tell you but history rather decisively disagrees. There is a reason they called it Ringen.


There is a big difference between using a throw to put an opponent on the mat and going there with him. They're opposites - one minimizes your exposure to a desperate opponent at the nothing-to-lose moment, one maximizes it. Does Ringen really emphasize BJJ style go-to-the-floor techniques over getting the other guy down?

What else would stop me grappling if I was a C15th mercenary? The risk of someone having a small sharp object hidden on them - a large needle would be enough - that they could use while I was being all technical.


I have to say, in a time when almost everyone carried a large knife, concealed needles wouldn’t be my first concern. I’d probably be more worried about getting stabbed by the knife.


I'm pre-supposing that visible weapons are out of the picture. If I have a knife, I'll try to stab you. If you have a knife and I don't, I'll run. I took this as being too obvious to say.

Of course standing at range with someone trying to stab you is hardly a good idea; which is why the fightbooks show arm grabs, arm breaks, 2-on-1 grips to set up throws & an awful lot of fighting for arm control. All that is designed to keep you safe against a stabbing weapon be it obvious or concealed, drawn or sheathed.


I don't see any more reason to believe these systems work than modern ones. (Ok: other than armour.) As a bouncer said when asked about unarmed knife defense "If you ever hear of anything that works - tell me!"


In what sense are you in a "superior position" for eye gouging? I'd say that if anything the top is an inferior position for gouging - his hand use is complicated by the need to support his bodyweight. If you're on top of me and gouging my eyes, I'll bring my elbows between your arms and smash them open (because they're bearing weight this will be much easier) and do a counter-gouge. Plus, if you actually ARE trying to grapple with someone, then your hands are already busy - grappling.


Now, here you have presented a specific scenario. You & I are grappling & I have taken you down & pinned you to the ground. You believe that from this position you are in a superior position from which to gouge my eyes. Along with this is your overarching belief that eye gouging is effective on the ground, so much so that it makes fighting on the ground an untenable position. You describe how you will defend against eye gouging from the top, why eye gouging from the top is ineffective & how you would gouge my eyes from the bottom. From what you have written I cannot help but feel that you’ve had limited exposure to grappling


I stopped after beating up my jujitsu teacher - which doesn't mean anything other than the grappling his school taught was poor, of course. Given my build (220lb 5'10 mesomorph) I have a natural predilection *to* grappling, but I do see the dangers.

so (as someone who spends a good deal of time rolling around on the floor) I’d like to explore this hypothetical scenario for you.

The most likely position for me to land in if I have successfully taken an opponent to the ground is the position known as cross-sides. I’ll describe this position generally & then discuss how it relates to eye gouging: With my opponent lying on his back I lay down with my chest over his, with one shoulder by his head & the other down by his hips. The arm by the head is placed under the neck with the hand free on the far side of my opponent’s body. The hand by the hips is used to catch my opponent’s knee to prevent him from pulling guard. I support myself entirely on one shoulder, which I press against my opponent’s jaw so that his head is pinned to the ground & he is forced to look away from me.

Both my arms are engaged but either can readily be moved as necessary to adjust position or to apply a choke or arm lock. I’m in a superior position in that my body weight is working in my favor...


Well, yes. But in the real world - no.

You're describing an end-state, not a means - an end-state achieved in an environment with carefully constructed rules.

Getting into that end-state you're aiming for, against an opponent who is willing to rupture your ear drums, break your instep, gouge an eye, isn't going to happen as easily as you seem to think. A boxer might as well attempt to prove the superiority of his art by describing how unable an unconscious opponent is to hurt him. No one doubts that there are positions in which grappling has achieved the defeat of the opponent - you've described the victory parade and missed the battle.

You might still be correct that overall, for opponents wearing armour of whatever period, going to the ground might be the best strategy. (I'd still want to know how much more common throwing and staying upright was.) But the argument above is inherently unconvincing - it's like a battleship admiral explaining the ineffectiveness of torpedo bombers by explaining what happens when an aircraft and a 12 inch shell meet. Well, yes; but...

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Postby Jonathan Coupe » Tue Nov 13, 2007 1:11 pm

Jay Vail wrote:
The three most popular ringen throws (to judge by the frequency they appear in the manuals) generally will not result in damage to the enemy (although I do know of one instance where a guy got his skull cracked, which he hit rather forcefully on a concrete floor; but you can't always count on having a concrete floor around when you need one).

They will, however, place him in a disadvantageous position so that the defender can deploy his own dagger, and I think that is what the old masters intended.


That makes sense.

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Jeffrey Hull
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Throwing Foe

Postby Jeffrey Hull » Tue Nov 13, 2007 1:16 pm

Jay Vail wrote:For the record: most throws do not result in "throwing the guy away" or hurting him. You have only to look at the MMA experience to see that. So, please, lets get away from this urban myth.

The three most popular ringen throws (to judge by the frequency they appear in the manuals) generally will not result in damage to the enemy (although I do know of one instance where a guy got his skull cracked, which he hit rather forcefully on a concrete floor; but you can't always count on having a concrete floor around when you need one).

They will, however, place him in a disadvantageous position so that the defender can deploy his own dagger, and I think that is what the old masters intended. Modern self defense requires a somewhat different response, since many prosecutors will look with disfavor on such a reply.


But Jay, many of the fight-book plays end with the throw, yet telling you nothing else thereafter, giving strong implication that you have hurt foe or are thereby hurting him, and so proceed to get rid of him. I mean, that is just simply what they tend to tell the fighter to do, whether Talhoffer, Duerer, etc. I think there is good reason for why they did that. (Plus follow-up groundwork like figure-four leg-locks etc. are certainly not prevalent for ending of plays in the manuals.)

However, keep in mind that before the throw, a given play often may have involved breaking the foe's arm first, and then throwing him (I should have pointed that out, but you surely know that already). So in that case, with one of his limbs already broken, or his eyes gouged, or his throat punched, or whatever, it is alright to basically throw the foe to finally undo him, basically throw him away, so to speak. Unless it is a one-versus-one armoured duel in a grassy dueling yard -- where you would have the combined luxury & necessity to do follow-up groundwork -- it is unwise to train for submissional groundwork as the perpetual ending to every play for self-defence wrestling, especially if the conflict is with multiple foes. It is better than to just break/hurt & throw, again, again, until you have "thrown away" each and every foe, until they do not move any more.

Not every one of the thrown knows how to break-fall, and obviously not every surface is friendly to the thrown (concrete, stone, gravel, or even nearby walls, wagons or cars, barrels or dumpsters). In any case, when I throw a thug, he gets hurt. :wink:

But anyway, your point about following up the throw, if needed, with dagger-stab to put end to foe is quite valid. Often the manuals do not tell us to do that, but it is a fine assumption. One may assume the masters thought that coup-de-grace so obvious (especially considering that ringen and degenfechten techniques are almost identical, the latter based upon the former), that they did not bother to tell the fighter to do that -- and likewise would not have bothered to tell a fighter to do other things after a throw like kick foe in his head etc. to end fight.
JLH



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Stewart Sackett
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Postby Stewart Sackett » Wed Nov 14, 2007 11:27 pm

There is a big difference between using a throw to put an opponent on the mat and going there with him. They're opposites - one minimizes your exposure to a desperate opponent at the nothing-to-lose moment, one maximizes it. Does Ringen really emphasize BJJ style go-to-the-floor techniques over getting the other guy down?


No. Ringen does not emphasize BJJ style groundwork. I have not disputed that. I simply disagree with your assumptions as to why such groundwork is not included. You used the term “closing” which I have typically heard used as a description moving from outside of fighting range into the free-standing range or moving from free-standing to the clinch. Because you don’t actually get closer to an opponent when taking them to the ground from a clinch, such action isn’t typically described as “closing”. As a result I interpreted your comment “But the real point is that the risk of gouging and other desperation moves makes closing unwise in a life and death situation” to mean that you opposed standing wrestling as well as fighting on the ground. Given the contents of the fightbooks I was, naturally, rather surprised by that. I’m sorry if I misunderstood you.

I'm pre-supposing that visible weapons are out of the picture. If I have a knife, I'll try to stab you. If you have a knife and I don't, I'll run. I took this as being too obvious to say.


In the modern (civilian) context stabbing an unarmed man is murder & running from a man with a knife is obvious. Having said that, we are not discussing modern times. We are discussing combat in the 15th century. In a formal duel or the midst of a pitched battle retreat is not always an option. Further, controlling a man’s arms prevents him from drawing weapons you can’t see just as well as it addresses an obvious dagger.

I don't see any more reason to believe these systems work than modern ones. (Ok: other than armour.) As a bouncer said when asked about unarmed knife defense "If you ever hear of anything that works - tell me!"


Any conflict between an armed man & an unarmed one will have long odds for the unarmed man. Armour would certainly help. As for historical vs. modern; there are modern & historic systems which function. By function I do not mean they guarantee a man will escape a knife fight unscathed but that knowing appropriate defense will dramatically increase his chances of survival.

I do think it is important to distinguish between modern & historic knife fighting as technological & social differences effect which techniques & strategies are appropriate or practical.

Historically, knives were ubiquitous & obvious. Ringen seems to place an emphasis on arm control in the clinch, which minimizes (but does not eliminate) the possibility of a knife being drawn in the clinch. Historically it was likely that where one man had a knife, so did his adversary. The fightbooks show a lot of dagger fighting, from the free-standing range, in which one man catches his opponent’s dagger arm & either breaks the limb or counter-thrusts with his own weapon. The techniques of the fightbooks are highly functional given the weapons of their time & the social context in which they were used.

Modern knives tend to be small & concealed & used in ‘sucker-punch’ attacks within the clinch range. This makes techniques involving catching an arm at a distance rather impractical. Of the modern systems I’ve seen, I find Karl Tanswell’s Survival Tactics Against Blades to be the most credible & would recommend it to anyone who’s seriously concerned that they will be stabbed.

Well, yes. But in the real world - no.

You're describing an end-state, not a means - an end-state achieved in an environment with carefully constructed rules.

Getting into that end-state you're aiming for, against an opponent who is willing to rupture your ear drums, break your instep, gouge an eye, isn't going to happen as easily as you seem to think. A boxer might as well attempt to prove the superiority of his art by describing how unable an unconscious opponent is to hurt him. No one doubts that there are positions in which grappling has achieved the defeat of the opponent - you've described the victory parade and missed the battle.


Yes. I was describing an end state, but remember it was your scenario not mine. I had asserted that a position which is dominant for grappling or MMA is equally advantageous for gouging to which you replied that being pinned on the bottom was actually a superior position from which to eye gouge. You were the one arguing that an unconscious man would be the undoing of a boxer (to borrow from your metaphor).

As for getting there, I’ve stated that cross-sides is a position which results directly from many takedowns; so it is (potentially) the first position in a ground fight. In the clinch “against an opponent who is willing to rupture your ear drums, break your instep, gouge an eye” I would be willing to reciprocate in kind if necessary; but if this opponent has never learned to grapple on the grounds that all he’ll need to win is “to rupture your ear drums, break your instep, gouge an eye” then (barring any substantial difference in physical attributes) it shouldn’t be terribly difficult to take him down. The strategies you describe may be useful but are unlikely (in themselves) to defeat a trained fighter & (again) there is nothing preventing a boxer/wrestler/Judoka/BJJ player/Mixed Martial Artist/etc. from using such ‘foul tactics’ in addition to their normal fighting repertoire.

Sripol Asanasavest
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Postby Sripol Asanasavest » Thu Nov 15, 2007 12:50 am

Is ringen similar to the Indian martial art called Kali, which I hear do a lot of wrestling?


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