coustel or cultellus/ passages in latin

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scott adair
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coustel or cultellus/ passages in latin

Postby scott adair » Fri Apr 02, 2004 3:18 pm

In "Archeology of Weapons", page 253-254, Oakeshott talks about the dagger and it's origins:

"From documentary evidence it seems that the dagger was developed from a weapon used by foot soldiery, or by peasants in defense of their homes. It was in fact simply the descendant of the short sax or skolm of the Viking age, though, with the complete avandonment of Norse terms in England and Normandy, we find it everywhere called Cultellus or Coustel. That this term was used for the dagger is made clear by a passage in a statur of William, king of Scotland (1165-1214), which says: 'Habeat equum, habergeon, capitum e ferro, et cultellum qui dicitur dagger.' From their use of this weapon bodies of foot soldiery came to be called 'Coustillers', and even as early as the middle of the twelfth century the term was applied in an entirely derogatory sense to bands of brigands. We read in a statue of the Count of Toulouse in 1152 : 'Si quis aliquem hominem malum, quem Cultellarium dicimus, [censored] cultellis euntem nocte cause furandi occiderit, nullum damnun patiatur propter hoc' . Another indication of the use and shape of the cultellus is found in Rigord's description of some Imperial troops at the battle of Bouvines in 1214. 'Habeat cultellos longos,' he says, 'Graciles, triacumines quolibet acumine indifferentur secantes a cuspide usque as manubrium, quibus utebantur pro gladius.'

Is there anyone out there who can translate the Latin passages?

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Ryan Ricks
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Re: coustel or cultellus/ passages in latin

Postby Ryan Ricks » Mon Apr 05, 2004 10:18 am

i'll take a crack at this

first: Habeat equum, habergeon, capitum e ferro, et cultellum qui dicitur dagger

habeat is a form of "to have" equum is accusative for equus, or horse. et is and. qui is with. ferro is iron.

based on the context i'd say it's "They have horse, a habergon, a cap of iron, and a some kind of dagger."

second sentence i have no idea

maybe tonight i can dig out my book and take a better shot at this

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Re: coustel or cultellus/ passages in latin

Postby Jake_Norwood » Mon Apr 05, 2004 11:11 am

It says "He has a horse, a haberogen (chain shirt?), head of iron (helmet), and a cutellus which is called a dagger."

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Re: coustel or cultellus/ passages in latin

Postby Jamie Fellrath » Mon Apr 05, 2004 1:01 pm

Could haberogen be an italicized form of hauberk?
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Re: coustel or cultellus/ passages in latin

Postby Ryan Ricks » Mon Apr 05, 2004 1:35 pm

impressive! i only had one year of latin in high school as an elective. any idea on the other sentences?
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Re: coustel or cultellus/ passages in latin

Postby Casper Bradak » Mon Apr 05, 2004 2:16 pm

Yes it's a hauberk, substantial mail body armour.
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Re: coustel or cultellus/ passages in latin

Postby Brian Hunt » Mon Apr 05, 2004 7:29 pm

This is a fairly close translation, if anyone sees mistakes, go ahead and let us know where they are.

'Si quis aliquem hominem malum, quem Cultellarium dicimus, [censored] cultellis euntem nocte cause furandi occiderit, nullum damnun patiatur propter hoc'

'If anything can be evil for men , it is that dagger of which we speak, the dagger that goes by night causing? theft (and) murder, no one should endure physical injury because of this.'


hope this helps.

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Re: coustel or cultellus/ passages in latin

Postby Brian Hunt » Tue Apr 06, 2004 1:30 am

Here is the last one.

'Habeat cultellos longos,' he says, 'Graciles, triacumines quolibet acumine indifferentur secantes a cuspide usque as manubrium, quibus utebantur pro gladius.'

'he has a long dagger' he says, 'slender, tri-cornered? that cuts with whichever sharp edge you please from the point all the way up the entire blade to the handle, so that anyone may use it instead of a sword.'

I am unsure of the word triacumines. Tri means 3, and the verb acumines = sharpen, make pointed, cut to a point.

If anyone has a better translation, then please post it.

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Re: coustel or cultellus/ passages in latin

Postby scott adair » Fri Apr 09, 2004 9:00 am

Thanks for everyone's help.

Bob Ferdinand translated the passages as well. The third one is the most interesting as it gives some clue as to the weapon's appearance and it's use.

"He shall have a long knife, slender, to be as sharp as you wish, (the point which is not differed?) ... which cuts from the point all the way to the handle, which shall be used as a sword."

Basically, I think what we have here is a short sword with a good point for thrusting and capable of cutting.

Now, has anyone seen a picture or drawing of one? I do not have a copy of Stone's glossary and think that might be a possible resource. Local library and internet searches have brought up nothing.


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Ryan Ricks
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Re: coustel or cultellus/ passages in latin

Postby Ryan Ricks » Fri Apr 09, 2004 11:06 am

yes! museum replicas offers one in their catalouge, although it's spelled "coustille"

here's the link, for what it's worth

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scott adair
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Re: coustel or cultellus/ passages in latin

Postby scott adair » Tue Apr 13, 2004 9:07 am

Thanks Ryan, I'll take a look.

Scott


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